Marxists
- Created by: biggestdrakefan
- Created on: 13-11-21 14:41
Marxism
Society is based on class divisions and exploitation
Education system plays key role in reinforcing class divisions and exploitation
Althusser, education is an important ideological state apparatus reproducing and legitimizing inequality Class inequality transmitted between generations by failing each gen of WC pupils School legitimizes social class inequality for capitalism by reproducing capitalist ideologies True cause of inequality is therefore hidden Implies functions of ideologies are to persuade workers (WC) to accept their subordinate position (Item L) and see it as deserved and inescapable If working class are socialized by schools to accept these ideologies, they are less likely to challenge them
Morrow and Torres critique Marxists for taking class first approach that see class as key inequality and ignores all other inequality types
Shows harmful effects education may have on students and wider society
Radical feminists argue school system doesn’t maintain value consensus
Argue education system transmits norms and values of the patriarchy
Heaton and Lawson, believe hidden curriculum taught patriarchal values in schools Expressed through traditional family structures shown in gendered stereotypes in textbooks and gendered subjects and divisions in sports Languages and humanities = symbolic for primary socialization within conventional nuclear family Girls become accustomed to unfair and oppressive domestic division of labor, reduces chances of overthrowing the system of male control Peer pressure in subject choice heighten submission girls must undertake from fear of stigmatization from male peers Maintain subordinate position compared to men Male gaze, sexual harassment in school demoralizes women System oppresses women and girls Ensures patriarchal ideologies are dominant
Criticized by liberal feminists and argue equal opportunity policies, positive role models and overcoming sexist attitudes and stereotypes means patriarchal ideas and values are being there to disappear from schools
Feminist viewpoint demonstrates how some schools ideas and values disadvantage girls and women (marxists fail to consider)
Marxists believe capitalist society based on inequalityEducation system must claim to give everyone an equal opportunity to achieve and encourage meritocracy
Bowels and Gintis, Myth of meritocracy aids WC to accept inequality by legitimizing it Capitalist ideology explains why inequality is natural and fair Students become accustomed to equality Income, family and class play instrumental role in achievement Higher classes able to maintain privileged position Implies higher classes achieved their position through achieving and succeeding in open and fair competition within school WC accept inequality = less likely to overthrow capitalism WC fed idea that underachievement is result of material circumstances rather than capitalism
Critics may argue not all pupils passively accept these…
Comments
No comments have yet been made