key studies (Attachment)- Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonberg, bowlby

Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonberg (1988)

aim: To investigate cross-cultural variations in attachment.

method: they conducted a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 different countrieswhich used Ainsworth's strange situation. Results gathered from over 1,990 infants.

findings: across all cultures, secure attachment was most common

in collectivist cultures (Japan & Israel) there was higher levels of insecure-resistant attachment.

in individualistic cultures (Germany) there were higher levels of insecure -avoidant attachment.

conclusion: the global trend reflects the US norms of secure attachmenbeing the most common, so this…