Internal and External Factors Affecting Educational Achievement

External Factors

- Material factors.

- Cultural background.

- Linguistic differences.

- Parental attitudes and socialisation.

- Racism in wider society.

- Subcultural attitudes.

Internal Factors

- Teacher/pupil interactions.

- Pro and anti-school subcultures.

- Setting and streaming.

- Institutional racism.

- Organisation of teaching, learning and assessment.

- Curriculum content.

Interactions between Internal and External

- Linguistic differences:

• Language learnt at home.
• Language of education-based upon middle-class values.

- Labelling:

• Labels applied based on family background, appearance, language and…