Human cases studies for Global Connections

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USA - AC

  • Immigration is greater than emigration.
  • In 2013, 2.98 million US citizens were living abroad.
  • Annual worldwide limit of 675,000 people can enter
  • This figure is broken up into reunification of families, skills valuable the US, protecting refugees, promoting diversity and humanitarian relief.
  • Worlds largest bilateral corridor is between the USA and Mexico.
  • In 2013 there was 11.5 million Mexicans living in USA and 1 million Americans in Mexico.
  • $22 billion sent to Mexico from USA in remittances (2% of Mexico’s GDP)

Positive

  • immigrants take unwanted, low paid jobs
  • draws skilled and qualified professionals 
  • immigrants are consumers and generate wealth

Negative

  • estimated 11.5 million unauthorised immigrants
  • uneven progress in integration of immigrants
  • numbers are concentrated and strain resources

China - EDC

  • There has been an increased amount of female immigrants to and from China.
  • Majority of immigrants are of the working age.
  • South - South migration accounts for 82%
  • South - North migration accounts for 81%
  • Used to be high emigration and is now becoming high immigration.
  • Three illegals immigration policy placing laws on visas, residence and rights in China.

Positive

  • sending of remittances help support the economy
  • build skills that can be used back in China
  • help fill the skill gaps in China

Negative

  • it can result in skill gaps, and high levels of emigration
  • loss of highly skilled worker
  • The emigration of younger people can result in an ageing population and hinders development.

Laos - LIDC

  • Emigration is greater than immigration.
  • There are 1.29 million Laos citizens living abroad.
  • Migration policies mainly target human trafficking: prevention (awareness), protection (reintegration immigrants) and prosecution (investigation).
  • Member of ASEAN aims to allow freer movement of skilled workers in 2015.
  • Laos to Thailand corridor is dominated by flows of unskilled Laotians to work in Thailand.

Positive

  • Laos to Thailand is one of the biggest corridors in ASEAN and helps stimulate political + economic co-operation.
  • Bilateral relationships with Vietnam extend beyonds reciprocal labour migration.
  • Remittances are very important because 23% of families live below the poverty line.

Negative

  • Most economic migrants are low skilled, have minimal education and under 18.
  • There is a loss of skilled labours such as carpenters and mechanics from Thailand.

 

Inter-Regional North Africa to Europe

Pull factors

  • Economic pull of Europe as there are more jobs with better pay 
  • Less conflict and a more stable governmental system
  • Healthcare is more readily available and there are better facilities
  • Lower risk of persecution in Europe
  • Housing and living conditions are better
  • Believe its a short distance to travel

Push factors

  • Conflict as there is civil war and avoiding forced conscription
  • Immature governments as they don’t look after the needs of their people
  • Poor economic stability and poor employment rates
  • Slavery is common in Laos 
  • Violence is common as a lot of people carry guns 
  • Police are corrupt and people have a poor quality of life
  • People traffickers charge several 1000 pounds which can force people into debt.
  • It’s a very long journey between NA and Italy

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