How Do Caves, Arches, Stacks And Stumps Occur?

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Platform, arch, cave and stack (http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/7bb1c1b8ab9b73d8b301f28c22e0500014024be5.gif)

Weathering and erosion can create caves, arches, stacks and stumps along a headland.

  • Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. The water contains sand and other materials that grind away at the rock until the cracks become a cave. Hydraulic action is the predominant process.
  • If the cave is formed in a headland, it may eventually break through to

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