Gunderson et. al (2013) Parent Praise to 1-3 Year Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later- Key Study

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Gunderson et. al (2013) Parent Praise to 1-3 Year Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later- Key Study

Background:

Person praise is the method of praising the individual completing the task rather than the task being done. It has been said this praise leads children to subconsciously believe that they were born with or without an ability. This is called entity theory or entity motivational framework.

Process praise is praising the quality of the task rather than the individual. This has been said to lead to the child seeing ability as changeable and there is a link between effort and success. This is called incremental theory or incremental motivational framework.

This draws on Dweck's mindset theory, which is supported by experimental evidence, which can lack ecological validity as it is an unnatural setting. Therefore, Gunderson et al. wanted to use a natural setting for this experiment.

It has also been found that boys show incremental motivational framework, suggesting that they recieve more process praise, and that girls display entity motivational framework more, suggesting they recieve more person praise.

Aims:

1. To determine whether person/process praise had an effect on a child's motivational framework 5 years later.

2. To determine whether there were differences in the types of praise given to different genders.

3. To determine whether different types of praise had different effects.

Procedure:

This was a Covert Observation- those involved did not know they were being watched. It was also a double-blind experiment- participants nor researchers knew the aims of the study, they believed that it was a study on language development.

64% of participants were white, 17% African American, 11% hispanic and 8% multi-racial.

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