Geography- People & the planet

Natural Increase- BR- DR

Gross national income- The amount of money coming in to a country divided by how many people there are in the country.

Fertility rate- The average number of children born to a women in her lifetime.

Replacement level- The number of children reqiured to be born to a country to sustain the population of that country.

Why population rates in countries can be affected- Due to relegious views on contraception & abortion, lack of health care and medicine available, infant mortality.

A policy to discourage birth- anti-natalist.

Example- India- They give incentives to people with two children & they introduced forced sterilisation on men in the 70's. They also use family plannning.

China- Chinas one child policy offers to give incentives and low cost things for people with one child only as it helps sustain the population.

            - Advantages - China will have a gradual decline in the amount of children, allowing the country to eventually have a sustainable population with enough resources available to people.

            - Dis-advantages - The ratio to of men to the amount of women is very high to very low. Since all women are killed as they will not carry on the family name whereas the boy's will and they can go and earn money for the household and look after there parents at an very old age.

A policy to encourage birth - pro-natalist

Example- Estonia - Estonia became an independant country from Russia & they do not have much people due to the fact that young people are migrating to the USA to…