Genes

D.N.A contains Genes which are instructions for Proteins.

• Genes are sections of D.N.A. that are found on chromosomes.
• Genes code for proteins - they contain the instructions to make them.
• Proteins are made from amino acids.
• Different proteins have a different number and order of amino acids.
• Its the order of the nucleotide bases that determines the order of amino acids in a particular protein.
• Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of 3 bases .(a triplet). in a gene.
• Different sequences of bases code for different amino acids.

Not all of the D.N.A in eukaryotic cells code for proteins .

• Genes in eukaryotic D.N.A contains sections that dont code for amino acids.
• These are called INTRONS.
• Introns are removed during protein synthesis so only the useful parts of D.N.A are used. These are EXONS.

Nature and Development of organisms is determined by genes.

• Enzymes speed up most of out metabolic pathways, the chemical reactions that occur in the body. These pathways determine how we grow and develop.
• Because enzymes control the metabolic pathways, they contribute to our development, and ultimately what we look like. Phenotype.
• All enzymes are proteins, which are built using the instructions contained within…