Gene Expression Keywords
- Created by: Betsy_2018
- Created on: 10-03-18 11:13
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Gene Expression Keywords
- frame shift = right or left by gene mutation; a difference of one or two bases (three bases is no longer a frame shift)
- mutagenic agents = cause permanent damage at a predictable rate by altering bases, acting as a base or otherwise changing the DNA structure
- acquired mutation = a mutation arising after fertilisation
- tumours = collection of abnormal cells which don’t respond to growth-regulating processes, with larger, darker nuclei and different surface antigens on their surface
- metastasis = spread of a malignant tumour de-differentiated cells to form secondary tumours elsewhere
- TP53 = a tumour-suppressor-gene that regulates P53 protein for apoptosis
- carcinogenic factors = external factors that have the potential to cause cancer
- embryonic stem cells = from embryos in the early stages of development
- umbilical cord stem cells = similar to adult stem cells
- placental stem cells = develop into specific types of cells
- adult stem cells = develop into specific organ cells
- induced pluripotent stem cells = unipotent cells have their genes induced by transcriptional factors to reactivate them to make them pluripotent (capable of self-renewal, less differentiated, medical purposes…)
- cardiomyocytes = unipotent heart muscle cells that help heart muscles rejuvenate/recover from a heart attack
- transcriptional factors = proteins that bind to a promoter region (either enhancers or silencers) of complementary DNA bases, (in)activating and controlling the rate of transcription; can act as repressors of transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from binding to target genes
- oestrogen = lipid-soluble steroid hormone; acts as an activator of transcriptional factors
- RNA interference = double-stranded molecules that stop mRNA from being translated into proteins by cutting them up or binding to them; siRNA and miRNA
- acetyl groups = from acetyl coenzyme A; relaxes complexes
- methyl groups = attract proteins that condense complexes and inducing deacetylation
- epigenome = cellular memory; a build-up of tags over a lifetime, starting from foetus’ cells
- colorectal cancer = patients have less DNA methylation, causing activation of genes -> cells that may be abnormal
- epigenetic therapy = counteract against epigenetic changes using drugs to reverse acetylation/methylation levels
- bioinformatics = rapid collecting and analysing of complex biological data with computers via algorithms
- Whole Genome Shotgun = technique for rapid sequencing by cutting DNA into small sections, to assemble and compare genomes
- single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) = single-base variations of DNA that are associated with disease/disorders
- cellular proteome = all of the proteins that a cell is capable of…
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