Gender Studies Directory

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  • Created by: Amber
  • Created on: 24-03-14 15:08

Gender Studies Directory


DAVID REIMER CASE STUDY

Born MALE 22 months – circumcision goes wrong Psychiatrist Dr John Money suggests turning him FEMALE Surgery to give him a vagina, oestrogen pills to help female development Around 14 years old found out what happened to him and turned MALE again Later on, had sexual reassignment surgery to return his penis and double mastectomy to take his breasts away He was never fully satisfied nor fully felt male or female Shows you cannot nurture gender, even as a baby his SDN would have developed as male Cant generalise as it’s a case study

TESTOSTERONE & GENDER

DIAMOND – RATS – 1950’s

Injected pregnant rats with testosterone Female offspring appeared male like and tried to mate with other female rats

GORSKI – CONT. – 1980

Female rat offspring had a sexually dimorphic nucleus the size of a males

YOUNG – MONKEYS – 1964

Female monkeys exposed to testosterone in pre-natal development tended to show more rough and tumble play compared to the no-testosterone control group Suggests that testosterone influences their mating behavior, changes their SDN and changes their style of play. The animals became more masculine Animal studies so we cannot generalise

BIOSOCIAL THEORY

SMITH & LLOYD – BABY TOYS VS CLOTHES – 1978

Adults treating babies according to their gender Sample of 6 month old babies and dressed in the opposite sex’s clothes Adults used the cues such as the names and clothing of the baby to prompt their choice in toy Boys were more likely to be given a squeaky hammer whereas girls were given dolls Shows gender affects the way a child is treated Supporting the Biosocial theory of gender development

MONEY & EHRHARDT – ANDROGENITAL SYNDROME – 1972

Females who were exposed to lots of testosterone in the womb develop androgenital syndrome They act very tomboyish and engage in rough and tumble play Shows that biology does have an effect on behaviour and gender If parents saw this behaviour could they treat their child like a male? – biosocial?

BIOSOCIAL APPROACH TO GENDER DYSPHORIA

ZHOU – BTSc – 1995

Male – Female transsexuals have a BTSc that resembles a females Found through 6 transsexual corpses, post-mortem Shows biology has a large effect Shows that gender cannot be nurtured, it is also through nature

PARENTAL INVESTMENT THEORY

BUSS – 37 CULTURES – 1989

More than 10,000 participants in 33 countries (37 cultures) Questionnaires on importance of factors such as age, intelligence and sociability in a partner Men valued physical attractiveness more than women Women valued good earning power and high status In all cultures the men and women preferred the man to be older Cross cultural – 37 cultures (!), shows universality Supports mate selection (and evolutionary theory)

ANDERSON – COLLEGE – 1999

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