Gender Studies Directory
- Created by: Amber
- Created on: 24-03-14 15:08
Gender Studies Directory
DAVID REIMER CASE STUDY
• Born MALE • 22 months – circumcision goes wrong • Psychiatrist Dr John Money suggests turning him FEMALE • Surgery to give him a vagina, oestrogen pills to help female development • Around 14 years old found out what happened to him and turned MALE again • Later on, had sexual reassignment surgery to return his penis and double mastectomy to take his breasts away • He was never fully satisfied nor fully felt male or female • Shows you cannot nurture gender, even as a baby his SDN would have developed as male • Cant generalise as it’s a case study
TESTOSTERONE & GENDER
DIAMOND – RATS – 1950’s
• Injected pregnant rats with testosterone • Female offspring appeared male like and tried to mate with other female rats
GORSKI – CONT. – 1980
• Female rat offspring had a sexually dimorphic nucleus the size of a males
YOUNG – MONKEYS – 1964
• Female monkeys exposed to testosterone in pre-natal development tended to show more rough and tumble play compared to the no-testosterone control group • Suggests that testosterone influences their mating behavior, changes their SDN and changes their style of play. The animals became more masculine • Animal studies so we cannot generalise
BIOSOCIAL THEORY
SMITH & LLOYD – BABY TOYS VS CLOTHES – 1978
• Adults treating babies according to their gender • Sample of 6 month old babies and dressed in the opposite sex’s clothes • Adults used the cues such as the names and clothing of the baby to prompt their choice in toy • Boys were more likely to be given a squeaky hammer whereas girls were given dolls • Shows gender affects the way a child is treated • Supporting the Biosocial theory of gender development
MONEY & EHRHARDT – ANDROGENITAL SYNDROME – 1972
• Females who were exposed to lots of testosterone in the womb develop androgenital syndrome • They act very tomboyish and engage in rough and tumble play • Shows that biology does have an effect on behaviour and gender • If parents saw this behaviour could they treat their child like a male? – biosocial?
BIOSOCIAL APPROACH TO GENDER DYSPHORIA
ZHOU – BTSc – 1995
• Male – Female transsexuals have a BTSc that resembles a females • Found through 6 transsexual corpses, post-mortem • Shows biology has a large effect • Shows that gender cannot be nurtured, it is also through nature
PARENTAL INVESTMENT THEORY
BUSS – 37 CULTURES – 1989
• More than 10,000 participants in 33 countries (37 cultures) • Questionnaires on importance of factors such as age, intelligence and sociability in a partner • Men valued physical attractiveness more than women • Women valued good earning power and high status • In all cultures the men and women preferred the man to be older • Cross cultural – 37 cultures (!), shows universality • Supports mate selection (and evolutionary theory)
ANDERSON – COLLEGE – 1999
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