Gaseous exchange in the lungs

To supply the cells of our body with a continuous supply of oxygen for respiration and to remove the carbon dioxide generated by respiration, we have evolved a specialised exchange surface for gas exchange within the breathing system. The efficiency of this system is further improved by ventilation of this exchange surface and by having an efficient blood supply - both of which maintain a suitable concentration gradient.

The lungs

The lungs are part of the breathing system which is adapted for two functions:

• ventilation – the movement of air into and out of the lungs

• gas exchange – the 'swapping’ of gases between the alveolar air and the blood

The lungs are located within the upper part of your body called the thorax. They are…