Fundamental Ideas.

The 3 subatomic particles in an atom are:

a proton, a neutron and an electron.

Masses of the subatomic particles:

proton = 1

neutron = 1

electron = ~0

Charges of the subatomic particles = 

proton = +1

neutron = 0

electron = -1

The atomic number is the number of protons, and sits on the top of the 'element's sqaure'. This number also shows the number of electrons as the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.

The number on the bottom of…