Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories

1. Crime is inevitable. This is because not everyone is socialised into the shared norms and values so some are prone to deviate. Secondly, in modern society there is diversity - different groups develop subcultures with different values which mainstream culture sees as deviant. The complex division of labour means people are increasingly different which creates anomie/normlessness which refers to the rules governing behaviour being weaker. This weakens the shared culture/collective conscience; therefore, higher levels of deviance.

2. Positive functions of crime: a) Boundary maintenance - The reaction from society unites members which reinforces their commitment to shared norms and values. This explains the function of punishment too. b) Adaptation and change - all change starts with an act of deviance. Scoping for…