Ethnicity

Pryce

Carried out a study of West Indians in Bristol, he described family life as turblulent and family structure is less cohesive. He argued that a large proportion of one parent families and large numbers of wokring women left their children unsupervised in the early years of their lives. Black children are less resistant to racism; they lack the support to deal with this from their families. As a result they have low self-esteem and underachieve.

Sugarman

Used the notion of cultural deprivation to explain underachievement. He argued that it is the student's culture that is the problem.

Ball

found that the lanugage skill of ethnic minority parents mate deter them from understanding the education system for expample the school application process.

Coard

Claims the British Education System actually makes black children become educationally subnormal by…