Emotivism - A.J. Ayer

Ayer argued that meaningful statements had to be verified either synthetically or analytically - moral beliefs cannot be verified in either of these two ways and therefore are no kind of fact or knowledge at all

Ayer explained ethical statements/moral judgements as emotive responses such as expressions of preference, attitudes or feelings (emotivism)

• Ethical statements express our feelings about something or someone
• Ethical statements are like grunts, screams or cheers to arouse feelings or express pain, and so this is sometimes called the 'hurrah/boo' theory

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