Education (2)
- Created by: AimeeLouiseB
- Created on: 20-05-20 17:21
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DIFFERENTIAL EDUCATIONAL ACHIVEMENT OF SOCIAL GROUPS- social class
Evidence that social class affects attainment
- The higher the social class the higher levels of achievement are likely to be.
- A smaller % of children in Sure Start (deprived) areas achieve a good level of development in the foundation level of school compared to in non-deprived areas.
- KS2 results showed an attainment gap of 22 points in free school meals pupils.
- 39% of students in low income areas achieve 5 passes at GCSE, compared to 73% in high income areas.
2002 Youth Cohort Study:
- 65% of pupils from higher professional backgrounds had A Level qualifications compared to only 22% in routine workers.
Gilchfist et al:
- Children from professional backgrounds were 10 X more likely to have a degree than children from unskilled backgrounds.
- 90% of children from proffesional backgrounds who had the grades to enter Higher Education did so, opposed to only 18.5% from an unskilled background.
Bynner and Joshi:
- Class differences persisted between 1950 and 1990.
- More people are now gaining higher level qualifications however the inequality between classes is as big as ever, with daughters from unskilled backgrounds having qualifications 3 levels lower than those with proffesional parents.
Webber and Butler:
- Large scale research (over a million) and found that the most talented students were left behind if they were from a lower class background.
- In reading high achieving boys from advantaged homes were two and a half years ahead of the boys from the least advantaged homes by the age of 15. 'Talent is often not enough to suceed'.
External (out of school) factors
Material deprivation:
- A lack of resources and the ability to purchase goods and services in relation to other members of society.
- Such as goods which directly aid education; such as books and tuition.
- Or goods which make it easier to suceed at school; such as a desk, computer, diet, good quality housing.
- Also affects the parents ability to provide cultural education and experiances.
- Reay et al: WC students more likely to apply to their local university as they feel they would be unable to afford the cost of travel or accomodation away from home.
- Smith and Noble: families unable to provide children with uniform, trips etc. may lead to children being isolation, bullied and stigmatised. The marketisation of schools leads to oversubscription in affluent areas, and disadvantaged students become concentrated in unpopular schools.
Cultural deprivation:
- A lack of cultural attributes needed for educational sucess, for example they may lack knowledge needed to suceed or the lack of an informal education from parents. This means that the crucial factor is not money but a lack of cultural attitudes.
- Sugarman:
- The WC have present time oreintation meaning that they focus on the immediate rather than working hard for a long term gain (eg. good results).
- WC fatalism also discusses acceptance of a situation rather than making an effort to improve it, meaning many WC students believe there is no point trying hard…
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