Economic and Social Developments to 1914

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VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wWW_nVldGM&t=1s

2.2 - economic development to 1914, change & conditions of working & living in towns vs countryside, social divisions, cultural changes

Industrial Developments

  • Sergei Witte

  • Sought capital, managers and skilled worker from overseas

  • Jan 1897 - introduced new rouble - strengthen currency

  • Encouraged foreign investment - started to decline due to businessmen finding new ones to expand their enterprises

  • 1895 ~ 280 millions of roubles. 1914 ~ 2000 millions of roubles.

  • Capital used to fund public works, develop infrastructure (railways, telegraph lines), develop mines, oilfields and forests for timber

  • Railways

  • State controlled 70% of railway

  • By 1905 - 59,616 km of railways

  • Allowed more extensive exploitation of raw materials

  • Linked grain-growing areas to Black Sea - more exports

  • Stimulus of development of heavy industry

  • Heavy Industry

  • Witte wanted to concentrate of key areas of production

  • Baltic coast, Moscow, Donbas region, Baku coalfields

  • Made production geographically uneven - only on west of Russia

  • Coal ~ 5.9 millions of metric tons (1890)/25.4 millions of metric tons (1910)

Agricultural Developments

  • 1906 - Stolypin made Minister of Internal Affairs

  • Before - farming was small scale, by former serfs and peasants

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