DYSTOPIA TEXTS

THE TIME MACHINE HG WELLS

1895

• destructuive nature of a stratified society 
• time traveler vsits the year 802,701
• home transformed inot utopiam world inhabited hy an eloi-post human race 
• becomes distincelty darker with appearnce of another trace Morlocks who prey upon Elois 
• socila speartio between rich and poor so extreme beceom seperate species

HISTORICAL CONETXT

• TWO MAIN HISTORICAL EVENTS
• 1.INDUSTRIAL REV
• 2.CHARLES DARWIN 1859 MAGNUM OPUS ABOUT EVOLUTION 'ORIGINS OF SPECIES'
• 1740 industrial rev=transfomred brit manufacruing porcesses-widespread use of factores and machines=products made by hand on small scale 
• created vast amounts new wealth and impoved lving conditions 
• BUT ALSO INEQAULITY AND MISER 
• TIME MACHINE=CONCERN WITH WORKING CONDITIONS OF BRIT POOR AND GROWING DIVIDE
• darwims throry natural selction-wells studied as bioloy student-inmstaed of imagining uninterupted porcess for furture humans-how humans might evolve based on presnse of tech
• as darwin created fear and adversity for prmting growth in animal species, wells able to imagine that if tech were used to mee human needs=could evolve into less sophisticated beings

MAIN THEMES

• INEQAULITY AND SOIAL CLASS
• brit 1895 socila class and ecomoni inequlity 
• industrial rev alot wealth bri but for upper class 
• TECH AND PROGRESS
• time traveller tells dinner guests underlying principles of his invention
• immersion in maths and science etc juytxpoases with unintelligent eloi lazy species
• HUMAN NATURE AND UNIVERSE
• challengeing ccnept that humans will endure forver 
• written 35 yrs after darwins, time machine explores possible conseunces of evolution 
• FEAR AND KINDNESS
• assumptions of human thought and notion that tech will make human life 

BRAVE NEW WORLD 

• 1932 by Aldous Huxley
• ppl artfically bred test tube and placed in row
• class system baed on intellignce 
• alpahs=job intelligent, delta menial tasks 
• scientific advnaces=no crime and having sex conseunce free
• nobody dissatisfied 
• mustafa mond-conforms by allowing himself emoty luzuries and false power

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

• when arted wiritng 1931 ww1 over for 15 yrs
• flu epidemic 1918 took more lives than war
• 1920s jazz age looser rules on sex drugs etc
• 1929 carefree eera collpased with ecomony and great depression 
• when ppl discontent-turn to the ideology that offers them happer lige
• 1917-1931-huxley bahen writing and facsim and nazism and communism promised such utopias 
• citizens didnt always see dark side of these rhetorics but he did

DYSTPIAN LIT

• dramatic irony 
• only aidneic reconise the gov repressive and controlling
• citizens de humanised through genetic engineering 
• anything that may make them question their social order etc is prohobited 
• everyone oebys comnstant conditioning during sleep
• HUXELY MESHES STIMULUS REPONSE CONDITIONING MTHOD OF IVAN PAVLOV WITH VARIOUS ADVERTISING PRACTISES IN WORLD STATES SLEEP TECAHING METHOFS 
• advertsising slogans=stimulus learned 
• sleep repsonse and dyring this writing messgaes 'hynopaedic' messgaes employ propghanda 

MAIN THEMES

• DYSTOOIA AND TOTAL
• each indidvual liberty usirped by all powerful state 
• in contrast to surveillnace brave new world argues that state convinces cirizens to love their slavery 
• TECH AND CONTROL
• advances in science and bio etc can be transformed by total gov into teck that will chnage way ppl act etc 
• when achived this will cease to allow pursuit of…