Dualism

The view that a human consists of two distinct elements: the mind/soul (immaterial) and the body (physical).

Plato
A human being is a soul imprisoned in the body but is distinct from it. Anamnesis-our soul existed in World of Forms and we have knowledge when we are born which we remember from W of F (argument from knowledge). "The body is the source of endless trouble"
The soul is simple and without parts, however is complex with the aspects:
Reason: searches for the truth
Desire: seeking pleasure for yourself
Spirit: aspects can be trained like emotion and being honourable

Allegory of the chariot (Plato)
The chariot driver (the soul) is directing two horses. One is the body and…