Discuss gender bias in psychology [16 marks]

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AO1

Hare-Mustin and Marecek (1988)

proposed there are 2 ways in which theories can be biased:

  • alpha bias: when theories assume there are differences between men and women - however, an issue with alpha bias is that it devalues one gender compared to another 
  • beta bias: when theories assume both genders are the same (usually women act the same as men) - however, an issue with beta bias is that it ignores the needs of one gender

the aim is to produces theories that have universality:

  • universality: the aim to develop theories that apply to all people - the solution is recognising differences but not assigning superiority of one gender over another

An issue with the majority of psychological studies and psychologist is that they are all male-based. The term for this is androcentrism

  • androcentrism: where theories produced are centred or focused on men with often the neglect or exclusion of women
  • however, on the other hand, there is estrocentrism where theories are focused on women and exclude men

AO3

Feminist Psychology:

  • focuses more on

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