Development A

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Attachments

  • Bowlby (1969) we feel strong emotional connections with people who are important to us 
  • > first formed in infnacy, others through lifespan
  • > quality of earlier relationships determines nature of later ones

Early behaviourism

  • conditioned reinforcer hypothesis
  • > feeding (intrinsic reinforcement) + mum (initially neutral stimulus) = mum becomes reinforcer
  • > ditto other caregivers' behaviour that relieves baby's distress

Early psychoanalysis

  • Freuds' psychosexual development theory
  • > in oral stage (infancy), mums' generous feeding practices = more love

Harlowe's experiment

  • infant monkeys brought up in isolation
  • feeding less important than tactile (cuddling)

Cognitive developmental theories

  • Piaget stage theory
  • > infant's current stage of cognitive development determine their responses to the environment
  • separation anxiety - dependence on attainment of object permanence
  • fear of strangers - dependent on development of person schemas
  • > consequently, strangers who fail to conform to these schemas, based on familiarity, are disturbing the baby

Innate/biological influences

  • Lorenz (1937) imprinting in geese, sensitive period
  • babies are perceived by adults as cute, elicit care behaviours

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