Craik and Tulving (1975)

method: participants were given a list of words. For each word they were asked one of three types of question:

1. shallow physical processing- e.g. is the word in upper case letters?

2. intermediate phonemic processing- e.g. does the word rhyme with hat?

3. deep semantic processing- e.g. does the word fit into the following sentence?

the experimental design was repeated measures- each participant did all three types of processing task . participants were then given a surprise recognitiontest. They were given a word list and had to identify which words were on the original list.

results: recgognition was better for words which had been processed more deeply

conclusion:…