Collectivisation: types of farm

Types of collective farm: Sovkhoz

• First created in the early 1920s and seen by communists as the ideal type of farming
• Farms owned and run by the state, with peasants paid a wage to work on them
• Created on land confisicated from former large estates
• Workers were landless peasants and many objected to being wage-labourers

Types of collective farm: Kolkhoz

• 50-100 peasant farms were merged and all livestock, land and tools were pooled
• Overseen by an elected committee led by a Communist Party member
• Each household could keep a private plot of 1 acre
• Owned and run by the government, who set high production targets (up to…