Cognitive psychology

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  • Created by: sam.vagg
  • Created on: 03-05-17 20:30

- Cognitive psychology is based on a computer metaphor. 

- Input ------> Processing -------> Output 

                  Storage 

- The information flows through the system from inout to output. 

Cognitive processes

- Attention = Focusing on the task and maintaining concentration. 

- Perception = An individual's personal outlook on something. 

- Memory = Stored memory is used to evaluate the situation. 

- Thinking = Making sense of the situation and deciding on the best curse of action based on previous experiences. 

- Laguage = communication. 

HM

- HM was a man that after a bicycle incident early in life suffered with sever epilepsy. To help prevent the epilepsy, Dr Scoville performed a bilateral medial temporal lobe resection on HM. The operation involved the majority of the hippocampus being removed.  

- HM's epilepsy was controlled by the operation, however he suffered anterograde amnesia, which meant he could not remember anything post the operation. 

- HM was unable to remember names of people he had only just been introduced to, which showed that the operation had removed his ability to convert short term memory to long term memory. This suggests that the hippocampus is involved in long term memory. 

Multi store model 

Image result for multi store model

The multi store model suggests memory works in the following way:

- Our senses feed information into our sensory memory. All memory has to be encoded before it can be stored in the sensory memory. Information can be stored for 1-2 seconds, and the memory store has a very limited capacity. 

- If we choose to pay attention to that sensory memory, it is transferred into the short term memory store. Evidence suggests information can only be stored in here for two minutes, and the memory store has a very limited capacity, 

- If this information is continuosly rehearsed, it can be transferred into long term memory. In the long term memory there is no limitations. An unlimited amount of information can be stored for an unlimited period of time. 

- If information in the short term memory is not rehearsed, it is forgotten. Memory can be retrieved from the long term memory store. 

Evidence to support MSM

Glanzer and Cunitz = Conducted an experiment to see whether the position of a word in a list influences recall. One group of men were shown a list of words and then asked to recall them (immediate recall), another group of men were shown a list of words and then given an interference task before recalling them (recall after distraction).

They found particpants were more likely to remember the first few words (primary effect) and last few words (regency effect). Primary effect is because the participant had time to rehearse the information and regency effct is because information is still stored in the STM. 

They found that in the recall after distraction task the regency affect was destroyed, which is believed to be because the interference task interferes with the STM. 

Miller = Participants…

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