ES - CI11.4 The p Block: Group 7

Halogens

• Halogens = all elements in group 7
• Have 7 electrons on their outer shell
• Most reactive non-metals
• All natural found in compounds - halide ions eg. Br-
• All occur as diatomic molecules - linked by single covalent bond

Can become stable by:

• Gaining an electron from a metal to form a halide ion and an ionically bonded compound
• Sharing an electron with another atom through covalent bond
• ^both have OS of 1-

Physical Properties

• More soluble in hexane than water
• Gas > Liquid > Solid as the group DESCENDS
• ^due to increased strength in intermolecular bonds
• Strongest intermolecular bond - id-id
• M.P INCREASES down the group
• B.P INCREASES down the group
• Solubility DECREASES down the group

Appearance:

• Fluorine - pale yellow gas
• Chlorine…