Chemistry: Acid & Bases + Buffers

Bronsted-Lowry

Acids - proton donors

HA(aq) + H₂O(l) --> H₃O⁺(aq) + A^-(aq)

[combine with H₂O to form hydroxonium ions]

Bases - proton acceptors

B(aq) + H₂O(l) --> BH⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq)

HCl(aq) & HNO3(aq) = monobasic

H2SO4(aq) = dibasic (releases 2 protons)

H3PO4(aq) = tribasic (releases 3 protons)

Conjugate Pairs

HA + B <--> BH⁺ +…