Case Study: River Nile

1929 - One May 7th an agreement was made between Egypt and Sudan.  The agreement stated that:

• Egypt utilizes 48 billion and Sudan utilizes 4 billion cubic meters of the Nile flow per year.
• The flow of the Nile during Jan 20 to July 15 (dry season) would be reserved for Egypt (maximum rainfall is 120mm/year).
• Egypt reserves the right to monitor the Nile flow in the upstream countries (Egypt is a downstream country which means that it will receive the water last).

1959 - Another agreement between Sudan and Egypt was organised for full control of the Nile waters.  This agreement included:

• Quantity of average annual Nile flow was agreed to be about 84 billion cubic meters.
• The entire average annual flow was shared between Sudan and Egypt.  Sudan would receive 18.5 billion cubic meters per year (the other 10 bn was reserved for evaporation and seepage losses).
• The agreement grandted Egypt right to construct the Aswan High Dam that can store the entire annual Nile River flow for a year.
• It granted Sudan the right to construct the Rosaries Dam on the Blue Nile and, to develop other irrigation and hydroelectric power.

1999:

• The Nile Basin initiative (NBI) is a partnership produced by the Nile states that "seeks to develop the river in a…