C6-The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change

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Rates of Reaction

The rate of a chemical reaction is how fast the reactants are changed into products. One of the slowest is iron rusting and the moderate speed one is the reaction between metal magnesium and acid.

(GRAPHS)

The rate of a chemical reaction depends on...

- The collision frequency of reacting particles. The more collisions there are the faster the reaction is.

-The energy transferred during a collision. Particles have to collide with enough energy for the collision to be successful Factors affecting rate of reaction...

1. Temperature

2. The concentration of a solution or the pressure of gas

3. The surface area

4. The presence of a catalyst More collisions increase the rate of reaction Increasing the tmeperature increases the rate...

- When the temperature increases the particles move faster because they have more energy. This makes them collide more frequently Increasing the concentration or pressure increases the rate...

-If a solution is more concentrated there are more particles in the same volume

Measuring Rates of Reaction:

RATE OF REACTION= AMOUNT OF REACTION USED OR AMOUNT OF PRODUCT FORMED / TIME

1st Way= Precipitation and colour change
2nd Way= Change is mass

3rd Way= Volume of gas given off Two Rates Experiment Magnesium and Hydrochloric acid react to produce Hydrogen gas....

-Start by adding a set volume of dilute hydrochloric acid to a conical flask and carefully place on a mass balance.

Now add some magnesium ribbon to the acid and quickly plug the flask with cotton wool. Start the stopwatch and record the mass on the balance.

Take readings of the mass at regular intervals. Repeat with more concentrated acid solutions. The higher the concentration the faster the rate of reaction.

Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric acid produce a cloudy precipitate...

- These two solutions are clear and react together to dorm a yellow precipitate of sulfur.

Start by adding a set volume of dilute sodium thiosulfate to a flask.

Place the flask on a piece of paper with a black cross drawn on it. Add some dilute HCI to…

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