BY5.6 Human Genome Project
- Created by: Yazmin Ali
- Created on: 21-06-16 19:16
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Human Genome Project
- human DNA consiss of 300million bases
- began in 1990
- aimed to determine the order of bases int eh human genome and identifying genes, their seuqence and mapping them
- genome: all the DNA in an organism including its genes
Aim:
- genes carrying the infomration required for making all of the proeins needed by the organism
- these protwins determine the oragnisms appearance, how it fights infection etc.
Main aims:
- determine the sequence of A,T,C,G throughout all human DNA
- identify al the genes formed by the bases
- find the locations of the genes on the 23 human chromosomes
- store this information in a database
- consider all issues (soical, economic, legal) that arise from obtaingin this information about the human genome
Beneficial applications of the project:
- enables scientists to know which sections of the DNA on which chromosomes are responsible for different inherited diseases
- in gene tests scientists scan a DNA sample for the mutated sequence
- DNA can be obtained from any tissue including blood
- in one form of teating probles (short pieces of DNA) seek out theit complement amongst the DNA
- if the mutated sequence is present, the probe will bind to it and flag the mutation
- another form: compairing sequences of DNA bases in genes to a normal versio of the gene
- testing is expensive
- its cost depends on the size of the genes and the number of mutations being tested
Main uses for genetic testing:
- carrier screening
- pre implantation scrrening
- new born baby sceening
- presymptomatic testing for predicitng adult onset disorders
- presymptomatic testing for estiamting the risk of developing adult onset cancers and Alzheimers
- confromation that an individual has a suspected disease
- forensic/identity testing
- once a sequence of bases is known a test can be devised to see if it is present in the paitnet
- using a sample of DNA, you can identify if the person is a carrier of the faulty genes
- carriers may decide to not hvae kids or to have antenatal scans for the diseas
- give an idea to the possibility of developing a disease
- those at the greatest risk can be scanned at regualr intervals and given approporaite advce on how to reduce the risk by changing their lifestyle
- more cost effective in the long run
- beneficial to the populatio
- once a base sequence is knonw it is possible to find the protein it codes for
- once the structure of the gene is known, it is possible to design drugs whose molecules fit it perfectly
- may be possible to design drugs who act agains the gene
- …
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