Blood
- Created by: Breedelahaye2020
- Created on: 15-10-20 11:57
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Functions of blood
- Acts as a transport fluid carrying many substances to various parts of the body
- Blood is vital for maintaing homeostatis throughout the body.
Composition of blood
- Blood is a type of cennective tissur consisting of liquid matrix containing cells and cells fragments/
- Plasma is the liquid matrix, and the formed elements are the cells and cells fragments.
- Plasma makes up 55% of the total blood volume, formed elements make up 45%
- Total blood volume in the average female is 4-5 L
- Total blood voluem in the average adult male is 5-6 L
- Blood makes up 8% of the total weight of body.
Plasma
- Plasma is the liquid matrix of the blood
- Pale yellow fluid that consists of 91% water and 9% other substances, such as proteins, ions, nutrientsm gases, waste productsand regulatory substances.
Formed elements
- consist of cells and cell fragments
- Cells include red blood cells and white blood cells
- Cell fragments are more commly called platelts
- Formed elements make up 45% of total blood volume.
Functions
- Primarly function of red blood cells are tpo transport 02 from the lungs to the various body tissue and transport 02 from the tissue to the lungs.
- About 98.5% of the 02 in the blood is tranpsorted to combination with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
- Remaining 1%% is diddolved in the plasma.
White blood cells
- Grouped into two catergories based on their apperance in stained preperations. 1) granulocytes and 2) agranulocytes.
- Granulocytes are wgite blood cells with large cytoplasmic granules and lobed nuclei
- Granules stain with dye that makes the cells more visible when viewed through a light microscope.
- Neutrophils (stained with acidic and basic dyes)
- Eosinophils (stained red with acidic dyes)
- Basophils (stained dark purple with basic dyes
- Agranulocytes are white blood cells that appear to have no granules when viewed with a light microscope
- Agranulocytes have granules, but are so small that they cannot be seen easily
- The two types of granules are - lymphocytes and monocytes
- They have a nuclei that are not lobed.
Hemostatis
- The cessation of bleeding is very important to the maintance of homeostatis
- If not stopped, execcive bleeding can result in a positive feedback cycle.
- Consists of ever-decresing blood voluime and blood pressure that distrups homeostatis and result in death
Vascular spasm
- Immediate but temporay construction of blood vessel
- Occurs when a smooth msucle within the wall of the vessel contracts
- Construction can close small vessles completley and stop the flow of bloof through them
- Damage to blood vessels can activate nervous system reflexes, cause spasms.
- Chemicals released by cells of the damaged vessels as well as plates alsop stimulate spasms.
- Endothelial cells release the peptide endothelin, leads to contriction of blood vessels.
- During formation…
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