Biology
- Created by: jesswillett
- Created on: 21-03-14 14:03
Animal cells:
Nucleus - contains chromosomes made of DNA. Controls activities of the cell.
Cytoplasm - jelly-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
Cell membrane - keeps the cell stable and contrasts the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Mitochondria - rod-shaped structures that release energy from sugar during aerobic respiration.
Ribosomes - ball-shaped structures in cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Plant cells:
The same as animal cells AND...
Cell wall - layer outside of the cell membrane, made of cellulose which supports the cell.
Permanent Vacuole - fluid-filled cavity containing cell sap which helps support the cell .
Chloroplasts - small disc found in cytoplasm, contains chlorophyll which traps light for photosynthesis.
A YEAST cell is a single-celled organism that only has a NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM and a CELL MEMBRANE surrounded by a CELL WALL.
Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus! They are also single-celled microorganisms that has CYTOPLASM and a CELL MEMBRANE surrounded by a CELL WALL. Their gentic material is in the cytoplasm.
Palisade Leaf Cells are adapted for photosynthesis:
- They have chloroplasts at the top of the cell so they are closer to the light
- Their tall shape means that they have a lot of surface area down the side for absorbing CO2
- Their thin shape means that lots of them can fit at the top of a leaf
Guard Cells are adapted to open and close pores:
- They have a kidney shape which opens and closes the stomata in a leaf
- When a plant has a lot of water the cells fill with it and makes the stomata open so gases can be exchanged
- When the plant becomes short…
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