Biology

• All living things are made up of cells.

• Know that the structures of different types of cells are related to their functions.

• Know that to get into or out of cells, dissolved substances have to cross the cell membranes.

• You need to be able to use your skills, knowledge and understanding to relate the structure of different types of cells to their function.

  Cells and cell structure

• a) Know that most human and animal cells have the following parts:

  • a nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell

  • cytoplasm, in which most of the chemical reactions take place

  • a cell membrane, which controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell

  • mitochondria, which is where most energy is released in respiration

  • ribosomes, which is where protein synthesis occurs.

•  b) Know that plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell.

  • Plant cells often have:

    • chloroplasts, which absorb light…