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Energy transfer by heating

  • Heat can be transferred by conduction, convection and radiation
  • Dark matt surfaces are better at absorbing heat energy than light shiny surfaces, which are good reflectors of infrared radiation
  • All objects emit and absorb thermal radiation which is also called infrared radiation
  • The hotter the object, the more infrared radiation it emits
  • Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation
  • Unlike convection and conduction, it can even pass through vacuums because it involves waves rather than particles
  • Kinetic particle theory explains the properties of the different states of matter
  • Particles in solids, liquids and gases have different amounts of energy
  • Solids: close together, regular pattern, vibrate about in a fixed position. Have a fixed shape and cannot flow because particles can't move from place to place. Cannot be compressed or squashed because the particles are close together and don't have space to move to
  • Liquid: close together, random, move around each other. They flow and take the shape of the container because the particles can move quickly in all directions. They can't be compressed or squashed because the particles are close together and have no space to move to
  • Gases: far apart, random, move quickly in any direction. They flow and completely fill the container because the particles can move quickly in all directions. They can be compressed or squashed because the particles are far apart and have space to move into
  • Heat energy can move through a substance by conduction
  • Metals are good conductors of heat but non-metals and gases are usual poor conductors
  • Poor conductors of heat are called insulators
  • Heat energy is conducted from…

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