B1- Cell Biology

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  • Created by: DonaJ2002
  • Created on: 29-01-18 20:40

B1- Cell Biology

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells:

Eukaryotic Cells (Eu- You)

Animal+Plant+Fungi cells= Eukaryotic Cells

They are multicellular organisms

They have a true nucleus

Prokaryotic Cells

Bacterial cells= Prokaryotic Cells 

They are unicellular organisms

They do not have a true nucleus; have a nucleiod (single circular strand of DNA) that floats freely in the cytoplasm and Plasmids (DNA)

Cell Structure+ Subcellular structures

Animal:

1) Nucleus- contains genetic information+ controls activity

2) Cytoplasm- Chemical reaction occurs

3) Cell Membrane- Controls what goes in and out

4) Ribosome- Where proteins are made (Protein Synthesis)

5) Mitochondria- Most reactions for aerobic respiration takes place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.

Plant:

1) Nucleus- Contains genetic information+ controls activity

2) Cytoplasm- Chemical reactions occur

3) Cell Membrane- Controls what goes in and out

4) Ribosome- Where proteins are made (Protein Synthesis)

5) Mitochondria- Where reactions for respiration occurs. Respiration transfers energy that a cell needs to work.

6. Cell wall- Made of cellulose and supports cell

7. Chloroplast- Contain green pigment-chlorophyll= absorb sunlight= photosynthesis

8 Permanent Vacuole- Contains cell sap- weak solution of sugar+ salt

Bacteria- Prokaryote

1) Cell Membrane- Controls what substances goes in + out

2) Cytoplasm- Where Chemical Reactions take place

3. Cell Wall-  Made of Cellulose+ Strengthens the cell

4* Nucleoid+ Plasmids- Bacteria don't have a true form of DNA.

5* Flagella- Movement

Microscopy

There are 2 types of microscopes: Light and Electron

 

Light Microscope:

Use- Light and lense

Explanation- They magnify a specimen and let us see individual cells and large subcelluar structures (nuclei)

Electron Microscope:

Use- Electrons instead of light

Explanation- They have much higher resolution and magnification. They also let us see smaller things in more detail e.g. internal structures of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

FORMULA:

Magnification= Image size/ Real size

Converting units=    1. cm- mm= x10

                      2. Mm-mm= /1000

Cell Differentiation and Specialisation

Why do cells differentiate?

Cells differentiate to become specialised cells to perform a specific job. 

How do they become specialised?

They develop new subcellular structures and turn into specialised cells

Examples:

1) Sperm Cells- sepcialised for Reproduction

1. Long tail= Able to swim to the egg

2. Lots of Mitochondria= Energy 

3. Enzymes in head= Digest through egg's cell

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