B1- Cell Biology
- Created by: DonaJ2002
- Created on: 29-01-18 20:40
B1- Cell Biology
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells:
Eukaryotic Cells (Eu- You)
Animal+Plant+Fungi cells= Eukaryotic Cells
They are multicellular organisms
They have a true nucleus
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial cells= Prokaryotic Cells
They are unicellular organisms
They do not have a true nucleus; have a nucleiod (single circular strand of DNA) that floats freely in the cytoplasm and Plasmids (DNA)
Cell Structure+ Subcellular structures
Animal:
1) Nucleus- contains genetic information+ controls activity
2) Cytoplasm- Chemical reaction occurs
3) Cell Membrane- Controls what goes in and out
4) Ribosome- Where proteins are made (Protein Synthesis)
5) Mitochondria- Most reactions for aerobic respiration takes place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
Plant:
1) Nucleus- Contains genetic information+ controls activity
2) Cytoplasm- Chemical reactions occur
3) Cell Membrane- Controls what goes in and out
4) Ribosome- Where proteins are made (Protein Synthesis)
5) Mitochondria- Where reactions for respiration occurs. Respiration transfers energy that a cell needs to work.
6. Cell wall- Made of cellulose and supports cell
7. Chloroplast- Contain green pigment-chlorophyll= absorb sunlight= photosynthesis
8 Permanent Vacuole- Contains cell sap- weak solution of sugar+ salt
Bacteria- Prokaryote
1) Cell Membrane- Controls what substances goes in + out
2) Cytoplasm- Where Chemical Reactions take place
3. Cell Wall- Made of Cellulose+ Strengthens the cell
4* Nucleoid+ Plasmids- Bacteria don't have a true form of DNA.
5* Flagella- Movement
Microscopy
There are 2 types of microscopes: Light and Electron
Light Microscope:
Use- Light and lense
Explanation- They magnify a specimen and let us see individual cells and large subcelluar structures (nuclei)
Electron Microscope:
Use- Electrons instead of light
Explanation- They have much higher resolution and magnification. They also let us see smaller things in more detail e.g. internal structures of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
FORMULA:
Magnification= Image size/ Real size
Converting units= 1. cm- mm= x10
2. Mm-mm= /1000
Cell Differentiation and Specialisation
Why do cells differentiate?
Cells differentiate to become specialised cells to perform a specific job.
How do they become specialised?
They develop new subcellular structures and turn into specialised cells
Examples:
1) Sperm Cells- sepcialised for Reproduction
1. Long tail= Able to swim to the egg
2. Lots of Mitochondria= Energy
3. Enzymes in head= Digest through egg's cell…
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