B) Concepts of libertarianism

Philosophical concepts of libertarianism

• Jean-Paul Sartre's beliefs can be summed up through his quote "There is no determinism- man is free, man is freedom"
• Sartre believes freedom is the result of 2 things:
• 1. Argues God does not exist, therefore there is no supreme/ higher power controlling humanity
• Sartre stated humaniry has been 'condemned' to freedom with 1 exception- 'man is not free not to be free'
• 2. Self-consciousness: people can understand free will because humanity is 'pour-soi' ('being for itself') as opposed to animals who are 'en-soi' ('being in itself'). Humans have an awareness of their own existence
• Sartre argyed humanity's self-consciousness enables them to think about and consider the different possible futures that might come about from different actions
• People could consider the possible actions in response to a particular physical stimulus (e.g. insulting someone) and reflect on each possible action before freely choosing which is the most appropriate
• Sartre believed in 'bad faith': the attempt, by people, to escape the pain and anguish of life by pretending to themselves they are not free
• The attempt to escape accepting responsibility (bad faith) for one's own life is, according to Sartre, evidence that one has complete responsibility/ freedom for their own life
• Sartre illustrated bad faith with a…