Assault and Battery (S.39 CJA 1988)

Assault is the defendant causes the victim to inflict apprehend immediate the unlawful force on his person.(Collins v Willcock) 

The Actus Reus of assault: 

1.An act: 

-Assault is included some act or words that is positive, it cannot be an omission. 

-Constanza(1997):explained words such as written letters can constitute an assault. 

-R v Ireland(1997): slience can constitute an assault. 

-Tuberville v Savage(1669):words can negate an assault. 

2.Apprehend: 

It must be proved that the victim expected or anticipated force from the defendant following the act. 

-DPP v Logdon (1976):This case tell us where the victim apprehends immediate unlawful personal violence an assault will be committed even if there was no actual threat. 

3.immediate: 

Immediate means ''imminent''-in the near future. 

-Smith V Chief…