Artificial cloning in Animals

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  • Created by: mutsa__
  • Created on: 15-02-17 12:38

Introduction:

  • There are some inverterbrae species which clone naturally 
    • They have cells which are totipotent - cells that divide and differenciate into all types of cell found in the adult species/ organism 
    • An example of this cell is an embryo in animals 

Reproductive cloning:

  • This is particularly for animals that are:
    • Genetically modified and have an usual characteristic, for example goats producing spider milk or cows which produce less methane 
    • Elite farm animals produced by selective breeding or genetic modification (embryo twinning)  
  • There are two methods used in reproductive cloning 
    • Embryo twinning 
      • This is used when many genetically identical copie of an animal with a desirable characteristic are required 
    • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) 
      • Used when an animal genetically identical to an existing animal is required 

Embryo twinning:

1. Eggs and sperm are collected and by in vitro fertilisation they are fertilised and a zygote is created

2. Zygote divides by mitosis forming a cluster/ ball of cells 

3. Cells separate and are left to continue dividing 

4. A small mass of cells are placed into uterus…

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