applied science unit 1 chem

Atomic Structure

                   Relative Charge      Relative Mass

Protons                 +1                           1

Neutrons                0                            1

Electrons               -1                        1/200

NUMBER OF PROTONS = NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

NUMBER OF NEUTRONS = MASS NUMBER - ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Orbitals

Electrons within each shell will not have the same amount of energy. The energy levels/ shells are broken down into sub-shells called orbitals (these have different states).

Writing out electron structure

• Half arrows represent each electron
• Each orbital has a different spin state 
• Since electrons repel each other, they fill up singularly first 

Ions - lose or gain electrons

Loses = +   e.g Al 3+

Gain   = -    e.g O 2-

Exam Questions

1) State the name of the force between ions.

Electrostatic force

2) State…