A2 AQA CHEM4 3.4.10
- Created by: Nuha
- Created on: 23-04-14 13:02
3.4.10 Organic Synthesis and Analysis
Chemical tests
Alkenes
· Alkenes decolourise bromine water
Haloalkanes
· Add aqueous NaOH and heat, then add dilute HNO3 and then aqueous AgNO3
· White ppt= chloride ions
o soluble in dilute ammonia
· Cream ppt=bromide ions
o soluble in conc. ammonia
· Yellow ppt=iodide ions
o insoluble in conc. ammonia
Aldehydes and ketones
· Tollen’s reagent
o Aldehydes form a silver mirror
o Ketones show no reaction
· Fehling’s solution
o Aldehydes form brick red ppt.
o Ketones show no reaction
Carboxylic acids
· Add NaHCO3/Na2CO3 and a carboxylic acids produces effervescence
Acyl chlorides
· Add H2O to the sample slowly, white misty fumes of HCl are given off by an acyl chloride
Amines
· Add universal indicator, if it turns blue/purple an amine is present since they are basic
Alcohols (general)
· Add ethanoic acid and small amount of H2SO4 and heat. If a sweet, fruity smell is present, an ester has been produced so alcohol was present
OR
· Add acidified potassium dichromate. 1o and 2o alcohols cause a colour change from orange to green but 3o do not cause a colour change
Organic Synthesis
alkane à chloroalkane
mechanism:…
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