3. The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945

Reasons for Communist success / growth

The Xian Incident and the Second United Front

• Chiang cancelled a new offensive against the Communists
• Chiang formally agreed to the Second United Front; GMD ceased attacking Yan'an; GMD gov. agrreed to give financial support to CCP; political legitimacy in NPCC

GMD and CCP relations in the Second United Front

• Both conducted separate campaigns & consolidated gains in own areas; both determined to be strong at end of war

Impact of the war on the GMD and CCP

• Chiang's image to the people became very negative; commitment to war effort; dams
• CCP emerged stronger; breathing space & time to recover; New Fourth Army; by July 1945 CCP forces moving east form Yan'an consolidating other areas; Shanghai CCP groups
• Guerilla tactics against *** forces; propaganda advantage gained from patriotic stance against *** invaders; recruited peasants & promoted campaign via political indoctrination

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Chiang's Successes

The operation of the United Front in wartime, 1937-45

• USA alliance w/ Chiang: supplies to GMD; military advisors to train NRA
• USSR allied with GMD advancing into Manchuria

GMD and CCP relations in the Second United Front

• Both separate campaigns & own gains; both determined to be strong at end of war
• Chiang established defensive lines around the CCP base in Yan'an

Impact of war

• International standing improved: Allied Conference in Cairo (1943) US & GB agreed to give up extra-territorial rights to mainland China, Manchuria & Taiwan would be…