what I need to learn

Cytoplasm contains enzymes.

Plant cells also have a cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts.

To prepare a slide add a drop of water, pull off epidermal tissue and put into the water on the slide. Add a drop of iodine solution and place a coverslip over it.

To use a light microscope add your prepared slide and select the lowest-powered objective lense. use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage up. look down the eyepiece and use CAK to make image roughly in focus. adjust focus with fine-adjustment knob. potentially use a higher powered objective lense.

acrosome contains enzymes to help break through the egg.

xylem are hollow and phloem have few subcellular structures.

in mitosis membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes. these become the nuclei. then the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide.

Culture mediums contain carbohydrates, minerals, prteins and vitamins.

 In therapeutic cloning an embryo is made to have the same genetic information as the patient.

Stem cells are found in the meristems of plants. these can produce clones quickly and cheaply.they can also grow rare species and plants that have desired features for farmers (disease resistance).

Active transport requires energy from respiration.

Villi mean that digested food can be absorbed much quicker into the blood.

Water enters the fish through its mouth and exits through the gills. Oxygen diffuses from water into blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the water. Each gill is made up from gill filaments. Gill fillaments are covered in lamellae that increase the surface area even more. Lamellae have lots of blood capillaries. blood flows opposite direction to water over lamellae to maintain a large concentration gradient.