Western Classical Orchestras 0.0 / 5 ? MusicSet WorksASOther Created by: Ellie WarlowCreated on: 02-02-17 13:15 Baroque Orchestra Small size (chamber orchestra) Harpsichord or organ playing basso continuo No conductor- led by the keyboard player Strings- violins, violas, cello and double bass Woodwind- wooden flute or recorder, oboe and bassoon Brass- sometimes trumpets and/or horns but these did not have valves Percussion- timpani 1 of 6 Classical Orchestra Increased size of the orchestra Now usually had a conductor No basso continuo part but there was still a keyboard instrument in most for accompaniment Strings- violins, violas, cellos, double basses Woodwind- flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons Brass- trumpets and horns (but still with no valves) Percussion- timpani 2 of 6 Romantic Orchestra Increased size to 70-120 players Development in technology led to valves on brass instruments and improvements to the piano Officially had a conductor Strings- violins, vioals, cellos, double basses, harps Woodwind- piccolos, flutes, oboes, clarinets, bass clarinet, bassons, contra-bassoons Brass- trumpets, cornets, french horns, trombones, tubas Percussion- piano, timpani, bass drum, snare drum, gong, cymals, castanests, xylophones, triangle, tubular bells 3 of 6 Features of Baroque Music Long, flowing melodic lines with lots of ornamentation, like trills and turns Terraced dynamics, sometimes creating an echoing effect Contrast between solo and ensemble textures Contrapuntal textures (polyphony) Harpsichord continuo 4 of 6 Features of Classical Music Less complex than Baroque with lighter textures and less ornamentation Emphasis on grace not grandeur Formal structure with all phases balancing and proportionate. Ends of phrases clearly marked with a cadence Symphonies had 3 or 4 movements SONATA FORM Simpler harmonic progressions improved effectivenes of harmonies Homophonic textures (melody with chordal accompaniment) Varied and flexible styles Basso continuo falls out of use Wrote for wider audiences than just the church or the court Less reliance on the harpsichord which is eventually replaced by the piano forte 5 of 6 Features of Romantic Music New structures e.g. extended symphonies/ operas, programme music, preludes, piano concerti Music portrays a range of feelings and emotion Modulations to unusual keys Extravagant, extended and dissonant chords used Harmony was often dissonant and chromatic to make it sound richer Instruments used in extremes of pitch and also difficulty - the rise of virtuosity Brass sections heavily emphasised Extremes of dynamics, including the new sfz (sforzando) Less rigid tempos - RUBATO Use of folk tunes in the melodies Use of Idee Fixe (Berlioz), thematic transformation (Liszt), leading motifs (Wagner) and motto themes 6 of 6
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