War 0.0 / 5 ? History of Art20th centuryA2/A-levelAQA Created by: epearce1998Created on: 19-06-17 12:04 Dix 'The War' (1928-32) Description Left: solider march through misty landscape, murky grey juxtaposed with visceral red Centre: dead bodies- skeleton impaled, solider in pile of guts, legs with bullet holes, man with gas mask- green mist Right: survivors help each other, Predella panel: tomb of soliders, references trenches Context New Objectivity- unglossed, machine gunner in WW1- Nietzche, build things up to destroy Horrid confitions, soldiers desensitised- expressionless faces, nightmare of dark passages Goya-esque studies made- show extremes, sublime landscpae, like John Martin's Religion Grunewald's 'Isenheim Atlarpiece' -rotting flesh of Christ, given to St. Anthony's- skin disease Soldiers on left carrying cross, skeleton impaled like cruxifiction, resurrection on right Bodies in predella like Holbein the Younger's 'Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb' 1 of 3 Picasso 'Guernica' (1937) Event Spanish Civil War in WW2, General Franco created dictatorship, revolt against Repub. Govnt. 6th April 1937 Guernica (Republican town) bombed, 1500 killed- mainly women/ children Exposed by George Steer in The Times Description/ Symbolism Pain, destruciton, humans/animals open mouthed, look up to bombs, flat and stylised Woman holding dead baby, evokes pieta- Spanish Catholicism Spain shown by bull and horse, horse gashed in side, tongue a danger, skull in nose Lightbulb/ eye - ever watching eye of facist regimes or God, figure with stimgata on floor Context Condemnation of 'military force which has sunk Spain into an ocean of pain and misery' Dream and Lie of General Franco- eats horse and fights bull, destroying Spain Nazis in studio 'no, you did' , broken figure = earthquake at Malage and Al Jahib 2 of 3 Kirchner 'Self Portrait as a Wounded Soldier' (191 Description Psychologcial effects, Kirchner in Field Artillery Regiment no.75 uniform Dark features, hollow eyes, green-tinged face and amputated stump of an arm Wooden, flat nude without sexuality, use of nervous, angular brushstrokes Influences German Expressionists The Bridge, infuence of Nietzsche, Fauvism in colour, Cubism in space Van Gogh's 'Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear', religious images of matyrs parading wounds Primitivism- honest and direct, hollow cheeks, full lips, black eyes, African mask-like War Volunteered as driver so didn't have more dangerous role, declared unfit for service Hand a potential injury to identity as an artist, other a brush, ref to propoganda of allies 'Self Portrait with a Model', sexual suggests, war has unmanned him sexually Suffered from alcohol/ drug abuse, but in Degenerate Art Exhibition, suicide 1938 3 of 3
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