Versailles Treaty Revision
OCR revision for the treaty of verseilles topic
- Created by: jess
- Created on: 28-04-11 16:29
AIMS OF THE BIG THREE - CLEMENCEAU
Georges Clemenceau, President of France (5 things)
blamed Germany = punishment/ ‘hard justice’
angry = revenge.
wanted to ’make Germany pay’ for the Damage/
threatened = wanted independent Rhineland/ get Alsace-Lorraine/
peace = wanted Germany weak and crippled .
AIMS OF THE BIG THREE - WOODROW WILSON
Woodrow Wilson, President of America (5 things):
14 Points
a better world ‘safe for democracy’
fair peace
self-determination
International Co-operation (League of Nations)
AIMS OF THE BIG THREE - LLOYD GEORGE
David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain (5 things)
compromise
punish & make Germany pay, but not revenge like France
protect British Empire
trade
peace: did not want to create anger in Germany which would lead to war in the future.
SIX TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES [memory word
Guilt
clause 231- Germany accepted blame ‘for causing all the loss and damage’ of the war.
Army (5 things)
army: 100,000
no submarines
no aeroplanes
6 battleships
Rhineland de-militarised
Reparations
£6,600 million – in instalments, until 1984).
SIX TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES [memory word
Germany lost land (8 things)
Alsace-Lorraine to France
Saar to France (15 years)
Malmedy to Belgium
North Schleswig to Denmark
West Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland
Danzig a ‘free city’
Memel to Lithuania
German colonies became ‘mandates’ of the League of Nations.
League of Nations
set up.
SIX TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES [memory word
Extra points (2 things)
forbade Anschluss
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania independent states.
HOW THE GERMANS FELT [memory word: U GARGLER]
Unfairly treated (3 things)
no part in the Conference talks
forced to sign
few of 14 Points in the Treaty.
Guilt
‘Such a confession in my mouth would be a lie’, said Count Brockdorff-Rantzau.
Armed forces
meant Germany could not defend itself against even small countries (the Dungervolker - Dung people).
Reparations
starved German children.
HOW THE GERMANS FELT [memory word: U GARGLER]
Germany lost territory (3 things)
a humiliation
contrary to self-determination
made Germany poorer - took farm land (W Prussia) and industrial land (Saar).
League of Nations (2 things)
an insult
meant that Germany could not defend itself in the League of Nations.
Extra
forbidding Anschluss was against the principle of self-determination.
HOW THE GERMANS FELT [memory word: U GARGLER]
Results (2 things)
riots in Berlin/the Deutsche Zeitung attacked ‘the disgraceful treaty’
Kapp Putsch (1920) to try to overturn the Treaty.
WHAT THE ALLIES THOUGHT ABOUT THE TREATY OF VERSAI
Clemenceau
LIKED 5 things
Clause 231
disarmament
Reparations
Getting back Alsace-Lorraine
getting mandates
DISLIKED 2 things
Saar (only getting for 15 years)
wanted an independent Rhineland, not just demilitarised.
WHAT THE ALLIES THOUGHT ABOUT THE TREATY OF VERSAI
Wilson
GOT 2 things
League of Nations
self-determination for Poland, Czechoslovakia etc,
DISLIKED 5 things
many of his 14 points were ignored
Britain opposed freedom of seas
only defeated powers were made to disarm
colonies were given no say in their future
American Senate refused to sign Treaty or join League of Nations.
WHAT THE ALLIES THOUGHT ABOUT THE TREATY OF VERSAI
Lloyd George
LIKED 2 things
reducing German navy
getting German colonies as British mandates
DISLIKED 2 things
Wilson’s ideas about colonies and freedom of the seas
Clemenceau’s harshness
JM Keynes said that reparations would cause another war
Harold Nicolson thought the Treaty ‘neither just nor wise'.
WHY WAS THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES MORE IMPORTANT? [
Big Three negotiated Versailles - other treaties designed by officials.
Outlined principles (self-determination/Guilt/Army reduced/Reparations/loss of land) - other treaties simply applied them.
League of Nations was set up by Versailles.
Major Powers were involved: how Britain and France dealt with Germany; not scared of Austria or Turkey.
Afterwards, Versailles led to Hitler and World War II
THE FOUR OTHER TREATIES OF 1919–20 [memory word: S
Saint Germain (with Austria, 1919), in which Austria (4 things):
had to give land to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Italy
was allowed only a volunteer force of 30,000 men and no navy
was forbidden to unite with Germany (Article 88).
had to pay reparations.
Neuilly (with Bulgaria, 1919), in which Bulgaria (3 things):
had to give land to Yugoslavia and Greece
was allowed an army of only 20,000 men
had to pay reparations.
TRIANON
Trianon (with Hungary, 1920), in which Hungary (3 things):
had to give land to Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
was allowed an army of only 35,000
had to pay reparations.
SEVRES
Sèvres (with Turkey, 1920) dismantled the Turkish Empire (7 things):
Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco became independent
Syria became a French mandate
Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Suez canal became British mandates
Turkey lost Smyrna to Greece
Turkey lost control of the Straits into the Black Sea.
Turkey had to disarm
Turkey had to pay reparations.
SELF-DETERMINATION (= the right to rule yourself)
Problems [memory word: APES]
Areas are sometimes very mixed racially
Physical frontiers are not the same as racial areas
Economic areas are not the same as racial areas
Suspicion: Germans not allowed self-determination
SELF-DETERMINATION (= the right to rule yourself)
Successes [memory word: NAME]
Nine nations set up:
(Poland, Finland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)
Alsace-Lorraine given to France
Minorities: countries had treat minorities fairly
Elections (plebiscites) in 3 places:
Schleswig, Upper Silesia and the Saar.
SELF-DETERMINATION (= the right to rule yourself)
Failures [memory word: GAMES]
Germans in Sudetenland to Czechoslovakia
Anschluss forbidden
Minorities existed
Empires stayed
Specific violations:
1919 d’Annunzio captured Fiume,
1920: Poland conquered land from Russia and Lithuania
Related discussions on The Student Room
- History 2023 IGCSE Edexcel Question Predictions »
- GCSE History Conflict and Tension Interwar years 1918-1939 »
- Edexcel IGCSE History | DEPTH STUDIES »
- A-Level History Coursework »
- History Alevel Sentence starter - 25 marker »
- please respond (history related) »
- HELP: GCSE History Edexcel Grade 9 Facts »
- Edexcel A Level History Paper 1 (options 1A–1H) 9HI0 - 26 May 2022 [Exam Chat] »
- French IRP »
- how to reference European Convention On Human rights »
Comments
No comments have yet been made