Teleological theory aiming towards a maximisation of pleasure for the majority
Bentham:
The Hedonic Calculus: Weighs up the pain and pleasure generated by the available moral actions to find the best option
Considers several factors: remoteness, purity, richness, intensity, certainty, extent, duration
The greatest good for the greatest number: The most useful course of action if trying to maximise pleasure and minimise pain. In a given situation, one must examine the consequential pain/pleasure resultant for all concerned
Bentham's approach is therefore quantitative
Act Utilitarianism: uses the outcome of an action to assess whether it is right or wrong
There are no necessary moral rules except one, that we should always seek the greatest happiness for the greatest number in all situations
Mill:
Higher and lower pleasures: Quality is more important than quantity when it came to pleasure
The pleasures of the mind are far superior to the gratification of the body's desires
Rule Utilitarianism: Rules should be formed using utilitarianism principles for the benefit of society. Strong utilitarians believe that these derived rules should never be disobeyed
Weak Utilitarians say although should be rules, not always be adhered to indefinitely
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