USA

Work for the unemployed: Priorities of the CWA,CCC,PWA

CWA- (Civil Works Administration) short term scheme, aimed to provide RELIEF for the winter of 1933-1934. Provided work on public projects for 4 million people the was closed down. FERA agreed to follow this up with more funded public projects. ACCUSED OF BEING WASTEFUL.

CCC- (Civilian Conservation Corps)- March 1933. Department of labour recruited unemployed men aged for 17-24 (later -28), to work in national forests, parks & other public areas. Originall set up for 2 years but then extended. About 3 million young people involved-lived incamps with foos & shelter & recieved small wage. CRITICISED for focusing on WHITE men, no guarantee of job afterwards.

PWA- (Public Works Administration)-June 1933. Funded with $3.3 billion. AIMED-to provide public works to benefit society such as bulding dams, sewers,bridges, schools etc. Helped to create jobs & produce electricity. Many people gained jobs. Carefully planned so not to be accused of wasting money. Slow and left many unskilled workers without work. PART OF THE NIRA.

THE NIRA (National Instrial Recovery Act) The other wing of the NIRA was the NRA (National Recovery Administration)-June 1933- set out to improve working conditions, increase prices of factory goods and therefore enable owners to make more profit and employ more staff, outlawed child labour and set out fair wages. Employees had the right to join TRADE UNIONS. Industries encouraged to adopt a code of practice-fair to workers. (recieved the right to use blue eagle logo-public encouraged to buy these goods).  THERE WERE MANY CRITICISMS- SUPREME COURT LATER DECLARED NRA TO BE UNLAWFUL.

AAA (Agriculture Adjustment Act) - May 1933 - aimed to raise farm prices by reducing surpluses. Farmers were paid to produce less of main items eg. cotton.CRITISIM-food destoryed when Americans were starving. Farm income rose by 50%. The AAA led to better standards of living for most farmers. Tenant farmers and sharecroppers suffered (evicted by landowners and replaced by machinery brought with money from gov.) Many sharecroppers were African-American-continued to suffer from extreme poverty. As an emergency measure -dealt with the crisis of overproduction.

Work for the unemployed: Priorities of the CWA,CCC,PWA

CWA- (Civil Works Administration) short term scheme, aimed to provide RELIEF for the winter of 1933-1934. Provided work on public projects for 4 million people the was closed down. FERA agreed to follow this up with more funded public projects. ACCUSED OF BEING WASTEFUL.

CCC- (Civilian Conservation Corps)- March 1933. Department of labour recruited unemployed men aged for 17-24 (later -28), to work in national forests, parks & other public areas. Originall set up for 2 years but then extended. About 3 million young people involved-lived incamps with foos & shelter & recieved small wage. CRITICISED for focusing on WHITE men, no guarantee of job afterwards.

PWA- (Public Works Administration)-June 1933. Funded with $3.3 billion. AIMED-to provide public works to benefit society such as bulding dams, sewers,bridges, schools etc. Helped to create jobs & produce electricity. Many people gained jobs. Carefully planned so not to be accused of wasting money. Slow and left many unskilled workers without work. PART OF THE NIRA.

WPA (Works Progress Administration) 1935 - Took over the work of the CWA and PWA (run by former head of the CWA Harry Hopkins). Set up and became a major employer. Wages were reasonable, (lower than in private industry). Provided work for over 8.5 million people. Not allowed to compete for contracts with private firms or built private houses - Built airport landing fields, schools, hospitals, playgrounds. People were taken on for 1 year and given employment. In theory, took jobs private companies did not want. According to Roosevelt the WPA preserved "self-respect... self-confidence and courage and determination" of the unemployed.

CRITICS OF THE NEW DEAL - Huey Long, Dr Francis Townsend, Father Coughlin, Businessmen ,Republicans and the Supreme Court.

1935 - 'Sick Chicken' Case. Supreme Court ruled the NRA codes were  UNCONSTITUTIONAL - decided that agencies could not interfere in matters of  trade within a state.                                                                                      Supreme court, cancelled AAA in 1936 but another act was imediately passed by  congress (Soil Conservation Act) - made grants to farmers.                                    Supreme Court declared11/16 cases concerning the 'New Deal' which came  before them - Roosevelt had acted unconstitutionally. 

THE NIRA (National Instrial Recovery Act) The other wing of the NIRA was the NRA (National Recovery Administration)-June 1933- set out to improve working conditions, increase prices of factory goods and therefore enable owners to make more profit and employ more staff, outlawed child labour and set out fair wages. Employees had the right to join TRADE UNIONS. Industries encouraged to adopt a code of practice-fair to workers. (recieved the right to use blue eagle logo-public encouraged to buy these goods).  THERE WERE MANY CRITICISMS- SUPREME COURT LATER DECLARED NRA TO BE UNLAWFUL.

AAA (Agriculture Adjustment Act) - May 1933 - aimed to raise farm prices by reducing surpluses. Farmers were paid to produce less of main items eg. cotton.CRITISIM-food destoryed when Americans were starving. Farm income rose by 50%. The AAA led to better standards of living for most farmers. Tenant farmers and sharecroppers suffered (evicted by landowners and replaced by machinery brought with money from gov.) Many sharecroppers were African-American-continued to suffer from extreme poverty. As an emergency measure -dealt with the crisis of overproduction.

WPA (Works Progress Administration) 1935 - Took over the work of the CWA and PWA (run by former head of the CWA Harry Hopkins). Set up and became a major employer. Wages were reasonable, (lower than in private industry). Provided work for over 8.5 million people. Not allowed to compete for contracts with private firms or built private houses - Built airport landing fields, schools, hospitals, playgrounds. People were taken on for 1 year and given employment. In theory, took jobs private companies did not want. According to Roosevelt the WPA preserved "self-respect... self-confidence and courage and determination" of the unemployed.

CRITICS OF THE NEW DEAL - Huey Long, Dr Francis Townsend, Father Coughlin, Businessmen ,Republicans and the Supreme Court.

1935 - 'Sick Chicken' Case. Supreme Court ruled the NRA codes were  UNCONSTITUTIONAL - decided that agencies could not interfere in matters of  trade within a state.                                                                                      Supreme court, cancelled AAA in 1936 but another act was imediately passed by  congress (Soil Conservation Act) - made grants to farmers.                                    Supreme Court declared11/16 cases concerning the 'New Deal' which came  before them - Roosevelt had acted unconstitutionally.