Urban Development

• Located in Brazil on the East coast sitauated by the Atlantic Ocean. 
•  Rio is important because it was the capital city until 1960 and hosted the 2014 FIFA world cup and the 2016 Olympics. 
• Has 5 international ports and 3 airports.

Last 50 years, Rio has developed into a major industrial, administrative and commerical centre.

These economic activities have attracted migrants from Brazil and other countries which have caused the population of the city to swell.

Rio's industry attracts many skilled and talented workers from USA and the UK.

The common language still attracts migrants from Portugal, Brazil's former colonial power

• Healthcare- Medical staff have been taking health kits to people's homes and had the ability to detect 20 diseases and treat all of them, this has caused the infant mortality rate to fall and the life expectancy to increase. 
•  Infant mortality rate- the deaths of young children under the age of 1 (number of deaths of children under one year old per 1000 alive).
• Education- People in Rio are encouraging one another to volunteer and help in local schools by giving poorer families school grants to help them meet the costs of keeping their children in school. Making money available to pay for free lessons in volleyball and football etc. Opening a private university in the Rocinha favela. 
•  Energy- The electricty supply to Rio has been improved by installing 60km of new power lines. By building a new nuclear generator. Developing hydro-electricity complex which will increase Rio's supply of electricity by 30%. It took 6 years to build and cost US$ 2 billion. 

• Rio's industrial areas have boosted the citiy's economy.
• Rio provides more than 6% of Brazil's employment.
• Economic development has improved Rio's transport as well as its environment. 
• The city's favelas have improved. 
• Large companies are now attracted to Rio.
• Economic opportunities have developed in the formal economy. 
• Rio has one of the highest incomes per head in the country. 

• Healthcare- In 2013, only 55% of the city have a local family health clinic. Services for preganant and elderly people were very poor, in the West zone. 
• Education- Compulsory for 6-14 year olds but 50% of all children continue their education after the age of 14, many teenagers drop out to be drug trafficers. The level of school enrolement is low due to lack of money and the teachers are paid a low amount of money.
• Water Supply- 12% of Rio don't have access to running water and 37% of water is lost through leaking pipes. 
• Energy- Frequent blackouts due to a shortage of electricity. Poorer parts of Rio get their electricty illegally. 

• Urbanisation- the proportion of the world's population who live in cities, Urbanisation is growing because of the natural increase (births-deaths) and migration.
• Megacity- Cities with a population over 10 million. 
• Informal economy- Jobs that have little or no job security, money that is earned not taxed. 
• Formal economy- Money that is taxed and contributes to a country's GDP. Jobs with contracts and job security.
• Economic development- The actions of the government to improve the economic and social well-being of people living in that country.