Treaty of Versailles
treaty of versailles
- Created by: emma
- Created on: 29-05-12 10:34
Treaty of Versailles
Reparations - £6600 million
Navy Downsized - No submarines, 6 warships
Rhineland demilitarised - 'buffer zone' to keep France safe from Germany
War guilt clause- Germany accepted blame for starting ww1
Army downsized- 100,000
Six Terms of the Treaty of Versailles [memory word
Guilt
clause 231- Germany accepted blame ‘for causing all the loss and damage’ of the war.
Army (5 things)
army: 100,000
no submarines
no aeroplanes
6 battleships
Rhineland de-militarised
Reparations
£6,600 million – in instalments, until 1984).
Germany lost land (8 things)
Alsace-Lorraine to France
Saar to France (15 years)
Malmedy to Belgium
North Schleswig to Denmark
West Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland
Danzig a ‘free city’
Memel to Lithuania
German colonies became ‘mandates’ of the League of Nations.
League of Nations
set up
Extra points (2 things)
forbade Anschluss
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania independent states.
How the Germans Felt [memory word: U GARGLER]
Unfairly treated (3 things)
no part in the Conference talks
forced to sign
few of 14 Points in the Treaty.
Guilt
‘Such a confession in my mouth would be a lie’, said Count Brockdorff-Rantzau.
Armed forces
meant Germany could not defend itself against even small countries (the Dungervolker - Dung people).
Reparations
starved German children.
Germany lost territory (3 things)
a humiliation
contrary to self-determination
made Germany poorer - took farm land (W Prussia) and industrial land (Saar).
League of Nations (2 things)
an insult
meant that Germany could not defend itself in the League of Nations.
Extra
forbidding Anschluss was against the principle of self-determination.
Results (2 things)
riots in Berlin/the Deutsche Zeitung attacked ‘the disgraceful treaty’
Kapp Putsch (1920) to try to overturn the Treaty.
aims of big three
blamed Germany = punishment/ ‘hard justice’
angry = revenge.
wanted to ’make Germany pay’ for the Damage/
threatened = wanted independent Rhineland/ get Alsace-Lorraine/
peace = wanted Germany weak and crippled .
14 Points
a better world ‘safe for democracy’
fair peace
self-determination
International Co-operation (League of Nations)
David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain (5 things)
compromise
punish & make Germany pay, but not revenge like France
protect British Empire
trade
peace: did not want to create anger in Germany which would lead to war in the future.
Why was the Treaty of Versailles more important? [
Big Three negotiated Versailles - other treaties designed by officials.
Outlined principles (self-determination/Guilt/Army reduced/Reparations/loss of land) - other treaties simply applied them.
League of Nations was set up by Versailles.
Major Powers were involved: how Britain and France dealt with Germany; not scared of Austria or Turkey.
Afterwards, Versailles led to Hitler and World War II
The Four Other Treaties of 1919–20 [memory word: S
Saint Germain (with Austria, 1919), in which Austria (4 things):
had to give land to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Italy
was allowed only a volunteer force of 30,000 men and no navy
was forbidden to unite with Germany (Article 88).
had to pay reparations.
Neuilly (with Bulgaria, 1919), in which Bulgaria (3 things):
had to give land to Yugoslavia and Greece
was allowed an army of only 20,000 men
had to pay reparations.
Trianon (with Hungary, 1920), in which Hungary (3 things):
had to give land to Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
was allowed an army of only 35,000
had to pay reparations.
Sèvres (with Turkey, 1920) dismantled the Turkish Empire (7 things):
Self-determination (= the right to rule yourself)
Problems [memory word: APES]
Areas are sometimes very mixed racially
Physical frontiers are not the same as racial areas
Economic areas are not the same as racial areas
Suspicion: Germans not allowed self-determination
Successes [memory word: NAME]
(Poland, Finland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)
Alsace-Lorraine given to France
Minorities: countries had treat minorities fairly
Elections (plebiscites) in 3 places:
Schleswig, Upper Silesia and the Saar.
Failures [memory word: GAMES]
Germans in Sudetenland to Czechoslovakia
Anschluss forbidden
Minorities existed
Empires stayed
Specific violations:
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