Germany's overseas empire was taken away. It had been one of the causes of bad relations between Britain and Germany before the war. Former German colonies became mandates controlled by the League of Nations, which effectively meant that France and Britain controlled them.
The treaty also forbode Germany to join together with its former ally Austria.
Germany was to lose:
- 10% of its land
- all of its overseas colonies
- 12.5% of its population
- 16% of its coalfield and almost half of its iron and steel industry
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