Dmitri Mendeleev is credited as being the Father of the Modern Periodic Table. In 1869, he arranged the 50 (or so) known elements in order of atomic mass, putting the elements with similar properties in the same vertical group, and leaving gaps for unknown elements, yet to be discovered.
When the unknown elements were later discovered, they were found to have the properties predicted by Mendeleev's table.
Knowing nothing of protons, nuclei or atomic number, Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table was broadly correct.
The modern periodic table is very useful for giving a summary of the atomic structure and the electron structure of all the elements.
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